Laos-Türkiye ilişkileri
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 Laos |  Türkiye |
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Laos-Türkiye ilişkileri Laos ile Türkiye arasındaki dış ilişkilerdir. Diplomatik ilişkiler ilk olarak 1947'de kuruldu, ardından 1958'de büyükelçilik rütbesine yükseldi. 27 Aralık 2017 tarihinde Türkiye Laos'un başkenti Vientiane'de yerleşik bir büyükelçilik kurdu.[1]
Diplomatik ilişkiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Laos'un Hmong köylerine karşı kimyasal silah(sarı yağmur) kullandığı suçlamasından sonra 1980'lerin başında Türkiye ile Laos arasındaki diplomatik ilişkiler gerginleşti. Bangkok'taki Amerikan bilim adamları bu iddiayı destekleyecek herhangi bir kanıt sunamayınca ilişkiler yeniden ısındı.[2]
İkili ilişkilerdeki iyileşmenin ardından Türkiye, Laos ile önemli bir ekonomik yardım ilişkisi kurdu.[3] 1992 Laos ikili yardım ve vaatler masası'nda Türkiye,[4] Avustralya ve Japonya ile birlikte Nong Khai'deki Mekong Nehri üzerindeki dostluk köprüsü de dahil olmak üzere sekiz farklı projeye 135 milyon ABD doları hibe etti.[5]
1992 yılında 4,5 milyon ABD doları tutarında ekonomik yardımın yanı sıra, Türkiye 100'den fazla Laoslu üniversite öğrencisini ağırlamaktadır.[6]
Ekonomik ilişkiler
- İki ülke arasındaki ticaret hacmi 2015 yılında 2,88 milyon ABD doları olmuştur.[7]
Ayrıca bakınız
Kaynakça
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Laos". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. 30 Aralık 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
- ^ Robinson, Julian, Jeanne Guillemin, and Matthew Meselson. "Yellow Rain: The Story Collapses," Foreign Policy, No. 68, Fall 1987, pp. 100-17.
- ^ Evans, Grant. "Planning Problems in Peripheral Socialism: The Case of Laos." pp. 84-130 in Joseph Zasloff and Leonard Unger (eds.), Laos: Beyond the Revolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
- ^ Radetzki, Marcus. "From Communism to Capitalism in Laos: The Legal Dimension," Asian Survey, 34, No. 9, September 1994, pp. 799-806.
- ^ Brown, MacAlister. "Laos: Bottoming Out," Current History, 82, No. 483, April 1998, pp. 154-57, 180-82.
- ^ Brown, MacAlister. "Laos: Bottoming Out," Current History, 82, No. 483, April 1998, pp. 154-57, 180-82.
- ^ "Turkey-Laos Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. 16 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
- American Friends Service Committee. Annual Reports, 1990-93. Philadelphia: 1990-94.
- Amnesty International. Background Paper on the Democratic People's Republic of Laos Describing Current Amnesty International Concerns. (AI 26/04/85.) New York: April 1985.
- Asia Yearbook, 1990. Hong Kong: Far Eastern Economic Review, 1990. "Birth Commemorated in Vientiane, Souphanouvong Speech," Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Asia and Pacific. January 18, 1977.
- Brown, MacAlister. "Anatomy of a Border Dispute: Laos and Thailand," Pacific Focus [Inchon], 11 No. 2, 1987, pp. 5–30.
- Brown, MacAlister, and Joseph Zasloff. Apprentice Revolutionaries: The Communist Movement in Laos, 1930–85. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1986.
- Brown, MacAlister. "Laos: Bottoming Out," Current History, 82, No. 483, April 1998, pp. 154–57, 180–82.
- Brown, MacAlister. "Laos in 1975: People's Democratic Revolution-Lao Style," Asian Survey, 16, No. 2, February 1976, pp. 193–99.
- Butwell, Richard. "From Feudalism to Communism in Laos," Current History, 69, No. 411, December 1975, pp. 223–26, 246.
- Chi Do Pham (ed.). Economic Reforms in the Laos PDR: Current Trends and Perspectives. Vientiane: International Monetary Fund, April 1992.
- Cordell, Helen (comp.). Laos. (World Bibliographical Series, No. 133.) Oxford, United Kingdom: Clio Press, 1991.
- Dore, Amphay. "The Three Revolutions in Laos." pp. 101–15 in Martin Stuart-Fox (ed.), Contemporary Laos: Studies in the Politics and Society of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982.
- Evans, Grant. "Planning Problems in Peripheral Socialism: The Case of Laos." pp. 84–130 in Joseph Zasloff and Leonard Unger (eds.), Laos: Beyond the Revolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
- Evans, Grant, and Kelvin Rowley. "Laos: The Eclipse of 'Neutralist' Communism." pp. 59–80 in Red Brotherhood at War: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos since 1975. London: Verso, 1990.
- Evans, Grant. Lao Peasants under Socialism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
- Halpern, Joel Martin. Government, Politics, and Social Structure of Laos: A Study in Tradition and Innovation. Christiansburg, Virginia: Dalley Book Service, 1990.
- Norindr, Chou. "Political Institutions of the Lao People's Democratic Republic." Pages 39–61 in Martin Stuart-Fox (ed.), Contemporary Laos: Studies in the Politics and Society of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982.
- Radetzki, Marcus. "From Communism to Capitalism in Laos: The Legal Dimension," Asian Survey, 34, No. 9, September 1994, pp. 799–806.
- Robinson, Julian, Jeanne Guillemin, and Matthew Meselson. "Yellow Rain: The Story Collapses," Foreign Policy, No. 68, Fall 1987, pp. 100–17.
- Sarasin Viraphol. "Reflections on Thai-Lao Relations," Asian Survey, 25, No. 12, December 1985, pp. 1260–76.
- Stuart-Fox, Martin (ed.). Contemporary Laos: Studies in the Politics and Society of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982.
- Stuart-Fox, Martin. "Laos in 1988: In Pursuit of New Directions," Asian Survey, 29, No. 1, January 1989, pp. 81–88.
- Stuart-Fox, Martin. Laos: Politics, Economics, and Society. London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
- Toye, Hugh. Laos: Buffer State or Battleground. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
- United Nations Development Programme. Development Cooperation: Lao People's Democratic Republic, 1990 Report. Vientiane: 1991.
- Wurfel, David, and Bruce Barton. The Political Economy ofForeign Policy in Southeast Asia. London: Macmillan, 1990.
- Zasloff, Joseph J., and MacAlister Brown. Communist Indochina and U.S. Foreign Policy: Postwar Realities. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978.
- Zasloff, Joseph J., and MacAlister Brown. "Laos: Coping with Confinement." pp. 211–28 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1982. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1982.
