JEL sınıflandırma kodları

Ekonomi
Ana hatlar
Genel sınıflandırma
Mikroekonomi · Makroekonomi Ekonomik düşünce tarihi Metodoloji · Heterodoks
Teknikler
Matematiksel ·Ekonometri Deneysel · Milli muhasebe
Dalları ve alt dalları
Davranışsal · Kültürel · Çevresel Büyüme · Gelişme · Tarih Uluslararası · Ekonomiler Monetarizm ve Finansal ekonomi Kamu ve Refah ekonomisi Sağlık · Çalışma · Yönetimsel İşletme · Bilgi · Eğitim · Oyun kuramı Endüstriyel organizasyon · Hukuk Tarım · Yeşil · Ekolojik Kent · Kırsal · Bölgesel Ekonomik coğrafya
Listeler
Kategoriler · Başlıklar · Ekonomistler
Ekonomi:Kavram ve Tarihi

Ekonomi alanındaki başlıklar Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) denilen bir makale sınıflandırma sistemiyle sınıflandırılırlar. On dokuz ana kategori bulunmaktadır ve her biri alt kategorilerine ayrılmıştır.

Başlıca kodlar şunlardır:

• JEL: A - Genel ekonomi and Çalışmalar
• JEL: B - İktisadi Düşünce Okulları ve

Metodoloji

• JEL: C - Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar
• JEL: D - Mikroekonomi
• JEL: E - Makroekonomi ve Monetarizm
• JEL: F - Uluslararası ekonomi
• JEL: G - Finansal ekonomi
• JEL: H - Kamu ekonomisi
• JEL: I - Sağlık, Eğitim, and Refah ekonomisi
• JEL: J - Çalışma
• JEL: K - Hukuk ve ekonomi
• JEL: L - Endüstriyel organizasyon
• JEL: M - İşletme Yönetimi and İşletme Ekonomisi; Pazarlama; Muhasebe
• JEL: N - Ekonomi tarihi
• JEL: O - İktisadi Kalkınma, Teknolojik Değişim ve Büyüme
• JEL: P - Ekonomik sistemler
• JEL: Q - Tarım Ekonomisi, Doğal Kaynak Ekonomisi, Çevresel Ekonomi ve Ekolojik Ekonomi
• JEL: R - Kent, Kırsal ve Bölgesel
• JEL: Y - Çeşitli kategoriler
• JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar

Kategori:Genel ekonomi

JEL: A1 - Genel ekonomi

JEL: A10 - Genel

JEL: A11 - Ekonominin rolü, Ekonomistlerin rolü, Economistler için piyasa

JEL: A12 - Ekonominin Diğer Disiplinlerle İlişkisi

JEL: A13 - Sosyal değerlerle ekonominin ilişkisi

JEL: A14 - Sociology of Economics

JEL: A19 - Diğer

JEL: A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics

JEL: A20 - Genel

JEL: A21 - Pre-college

JEL: A22 - Undergraduate

JEL: A23 - Graduate

JEL: A29 - Diğer

JEL: A3 - Multisubject Collective Works

JEL: A30 - Genel

JEL: A31 - Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals

JEL: A32 - Multisubject Volumes

JEL: A39 - Diğer

Kategori:Schools of economic thought and methodology

JEL: B0 - Genel

JEL: B00 - Genel

JEL: B1 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi through 1925

JEL: B10 - Genel

JEL: B11 - Klasik öncesi

JEL: B12 - Klasik

JEL: B13 - Yeni Klasik düşünce 1925

JEL: B14 - Socialist; Marksist

JEL: B15 - Historical; Institutional

JEL: B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical

JEL: B19 - Diğer

JEL: B2 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi 1925'ten beri

JEL: B20 - Genel

JEL: B21 - Mikroekonomi

JEL: B22 - Makroekonomi

JEL: B23 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi, Ekonometri, Kantitif & Matematiksel çalışmalar

JEL: B24 - Sosyalizm; Marxist; Sraffian

JEL: B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian

JEL: B29 - Diğer

JEL: B3 - Düşünce tarihi: Kişiler

JEL: B30 - Genel

JEL: B31 - Kişiler

JEL: B32 - Obituaries

JEL: B4 - Ekonomik Metodloji

JEL: B40 - Genel

JEL: B41 - Ekonomik metodoloji

JEL: B49 - Diğer

JEL: B5 - Mevcut Heterodoks yaklaşımlar

JEL: B50 - Genel

JEL: B51 - Sosyalist, Marksist, Sraffian

JEL: B52 - Kurumsal Ekonomi; Evrimci Ekonomi

JEL: B53 - Avusturya

JEL: B54 - Feminist Ekonomi

JEL: B59 - Diğer

Kategori:Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar (ekonomi)

JEL: C0 - Genel

JEL: C00 - Genel

JEL: C01 - Ekonometri

JEL: C02 - Matematiksel metotlar

JEL: C1 - Ekonometri ve İstatistiksel metotlar: Genel

JEL: C10 - Genel

JEL: C11 - Bayesian analiz

JEL: C12 - Hipotez testleri

JEL: C13 - Tahmin Teorisi

JEL: C14 - Yarı parametrik and Nonparametrik metotlar

JEL: C15 - İstatistiksel Simulasyon metotları

JEL: C16 - İstatistiksel dağılımlar

JEL: C16 - Özel dağılımlar

JEL: C19 - Diğer

JEL: C2 - Econometric methods: Single equation models;Single variables

JEL: C20 - Genel

JEL: C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial models; Treatment effect models

JEL: C22 - Time-Series Models

JEL: C23 - Panel data

JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models

JEL: C25 - Discrete regression; Qualitative choice models

JEL: C29 - Diğer

JEL: C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models

JEL: C30 - Genel

JEL: C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment effect models

JEL: C32 - Time-Series Models

JEL: C33 - Models with Panel data

JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models

JEL: C35 - Discrete regression and Qualitative choice models

JEL: C39 - Diğer

JEL: C4 - Ekonometrik ve istatistiksel metodlar: Özel başlıklar

JEL: C40 - Genel

JEL: C41 - Duration analysis

JEL: C42 - Survey methods

JEL: C43 - Index numbers Aggregation

JEL: C44 - Statistical decision theory; Operations research

JEL: C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics

JEL: C46 - Specific Distributions

JEL: C49 - Diğer

JEL: C5 - Ekonometrik Modelleme

JEL: C50 - Genel

JEL: C51 - Model belirleme ve tahmin

JEL: C52 - Model evaluation and testing

JEL: C53 - Forecasting and Diğer Model Uygulamaları

JEL: C59 - Diğer

JEL: C6 - Matematiksel Ekonomi ve Programlama

JEL: C60 - Genel

JEL: C61 - Optimizasyon teknikleri; Programlama modelleri; Dinamik analiz

JEL: C62 - Existence and stability conditions of equilibrium

JEL: C63 - Computational techniques

JEL: C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools

JEL: C67 - Input–output models

JEL: C68 - Computable Genel Equilibrium models

JEL: C69 - Diğer

JEL: C7 - Game theory and Bargaining theory

JEL: C70 - Genel

JEL: C71 - Cooperative games

JEL: C72 - Noncooperative games

JEL: C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic games; Evolutionary games; Repeated Games

JEL: C78 - Bargaining theory; Matching theory

JEL: C79 - Diğer

JEL: C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

JEL: C80 - Genel

JEL: C81 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data

JEL: C82 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data

JEL: C87 - Econometric software

JEL: C88 - Diğer Computer Software

JEL: C89 - Diğer

JEL: C9 - Deneysel Ekonomi

JEL: C90 - Genel

JEL: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior

JEL: C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior

JEL: C93 - Field experiments

JEL: C99 - Diğer

JEL: D0 - Genel

JEL: D00 - Genel

JEL: D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles

JEL: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations

JEL: D1 - Hanehalkı Davranışları ve Ev Ekonomisi

JEL: D10 - Genel

JEL: D11 - Tüketici Teorisi

JEL: D12 - Consumer economics: empirical analysis

JEL: D13 - Household production and Intrahousehold allocation

JEL: D14 - Personal finance

JEL: D18 - Consumer protection

JEL: D19 - Diğer

JEL: D2 - Üretim ve Organizasyon

JEL: D20 - Genel

JEL: D21 - Firma davranışları

JEL: D23 - Organizational behavior; Transaction Costs; Property rights

JEL: D24 - Production; Capital and Total factor productivity; Capacity

JEL: D29 - Diğer

JEL: D3 - Distribution

JEL: D30 - Genel

JEL: D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

JEL: D33 - Factor Income Distribution

JEL: D39 - Diğer

JEL: D4 - Piyasa Yapısı ve Fiyatlama

JEL: D40 - Genel

JEL: D41 - Tam Rekabet

JEL: D42 - Monopol

JEL: D43 - Oligopol and Diğer Piyasa Başarısızlıkları

JEL: D44 - Auctions

JEL: D45 - Rationing; Licensing

JEL: D46 - Value Theory

JEL: D49 - Diğer

JEL: D5 - Genel equilibrium and Disequilibrium

JEL: D50 - Genel

JEL: D51 - Exchange and Production Economies

JEL: D52 - Incomplete Markets

JEL: D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis

JEL: D58 - Computable and Diğer Applied Genel Equilibrium Models

JEL: D59 - Diğer

JEL: D6 - Refah Ekonomisi

JEL: D60 - Genel

JEL: D61 - Allocative efficiency; Cost-benefit analysis

JEL: D62 - Externalities

JEL: D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Diğer Normative Criteria and Measurement

JEL: D64 - Altruism

JEL: D69 - Diğer

JEL: D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

JEL: D70 - Genel

JEL: D71 - Social choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations

JEL: D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

JEL: D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

JEL: D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances

JEL: D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation

JEL: D79 - Diğer

JEL: D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

JEL: D80 - Genel

JEL D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

JEL: D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information

JEL: D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge

JEL: D84 - Expectations; Speculation

JEL: D85 - Network Formation

JEL: D86 - Economics of contract law

JEL: D89 - Diğer

JEL: D9 - Intertemporal choice and Growth

JEL: D90 - Genel

JEL: D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life cycle models and Saving

JEL: D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing

JEL: D99 - Diğer

JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

Kategori:Macroeconomics and monetary economics

JEL: E0 - Genel

JEL: E00 - Genel

JEL: E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth

JEL: E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy

JEL: E1 - Genel Aggregative Models

JEL: E10 - Genel

JEL: E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary

JEL: E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian

JEL: E13 - Neoclassical

JEL: E17 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E19 - Diğer

JEL: E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment

JEL: E20 - Genel

JEL: E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

JEL: E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity

JEL: E23 - Production

JEL: E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital

JEL: E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

JEL: E26 - Informal economy; Underground Economy

JEL: E27 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E29 - Diğer

JEL: E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

JEL: E30 - Genel

JEL: E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

JEL: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

JEL: E37 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E39 - Diğer

JEL: E4 - Money and Interest Rates

JEL: E40 - Genel

JEL: E41 - Demand for Money

JEL: E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems

JEL: E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates

JEL: E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

JEL: E47 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: E49 - Diğer

JEL: E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

JEL: E50 - Genel

JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers

JEL: E52 - Monetary Policy

JEL: E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies

JEL: E59 - Diğer

JEL: E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and Genel Outlook

JEL: E60 - Genel

JEL: E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

JEL: E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation

JEL: E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization

JEL: E64 - Incomes policy; Price policy

JEL: E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

JEL: E66 - Genel Outlook and Conditions

JEL: E69 - Diğer

JEL: F - International Economics

Kategori: Uluslararası ekonomi

JEL: F0 - Genel

JEL: F00 - Genel

JEL: F01 - Global Outlook

JEL: F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations •Economic Integration and Globalization: Genel

JEL: F1 - Trade

JEL: F10 - Genel

JEL: F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade

JEL: F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies

JEL: F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations

JEL: F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade

JEL: F15 - Economic Integration

JEL: F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

JEL: F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F18 - Trade and Environment

JEL: F19 - Diğer

JEL: F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

JEL: F20 - Genel

JEL: F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

JEL: F22 - International Migration

JEL: F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business

JEL: F29 - Diğer

JEL: F3 - International Finance

JEL: F30 - Genel

JEL: F31 - Foreign Exchange

JEL: F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements

JEL: F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

JEL: F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems

JEL: F35 - Foreign aid

JEL: F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

JEL: F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F39 - Diğer

JEL: F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

JEL: F40 - Genel

JEL: F41 - Open economy macroeconomics

JEL: F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission

JEL: F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies

JEL: F47 - Forecasting and Simulation

JEL: F49 - Diğer

JEL: G - Financial Economics

Kategori:Financial economics

JEL: G0 - Genel

JEL: G00 - Genel

JEL: G01 - Financial Crises

JEL: G1 - Genel Financial Markets

JEL: G10 - Genel

JEL: G11 - Portfolio choice; Investment decisions

JEL: G12 - Asset pricing; Trading volume; Bond interest rates

JEL: G13 - Contingent pricing; Futures Pricing

JEL: G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies

JEL: G15 - International financial markets

JEL: G17 - Financial Forecasting

JEL: G18 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G19 - Diğer

JEL: G2 - Financial institutions and Services

JEL: G20 - Genel

JEL: G21 - Banks; Diğer Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

JEL: G22 - Insurance; Insurance companies

JEL: G23 - Pension funds; Diğer Private Financial Institutions

JEL: G24 - Investment banking; Venture capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies

JEL: G28 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G29 - Diğer

JEL: G3 - Corporate finance and Governance

JEL: G30 - Genel

JEL: G31 - Capital budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies

JEL: G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure

JEL: G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

JEL: G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate governance

JEL: G35 - Payout Policy

JEL: G38 - Government Policy and Regulation

JEL: G39 - Diğer

JEL: H - Public Economics

Kategori:Public economics

JEL: H0 - Genel

JEL: H00 - Genel

JEL: H1 - Structure and Scope of Government

JEL: H10 - Genel

JEL: H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

JEL: H19 - Diğer

JEL: H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

JEL: H20 - Genel

JEL: H21 - Efficiency; Optimal taxation

JEL: H22 - Incidence

JEL: H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H24 - Personal Income and Diğer Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies

JEL: H26 - Tax Evasion

JEL: H27 - Diğer Sources of Revenue

JEL: H29 - Diğer

JEL: H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

JEL: H30 - Genel

JEL: H31 - Household

JEL: H32 - Firm

JEL: H39 - Diğer

JEL: H4 - Publicly provided goods

JEL: H40 - Genel

JEL: H41 - Public goods

JEL: H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods

JEL: H43 - Project evaluation; Social discount rate

JEL: H49 - Diğer

JEL: H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

JEL: H50 - Genel

JEL: H51 - Government Expenditures and Health

JEL: H52 - Government Expenditures and Education

JEL: H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

JEL: H54 - Infrastructures; Diğer Public Investment and Capital Stock

JEL: H55 - Social security and Public Pensions

JEL: H56 - National Security and War

JEL: H57 - Procurement

JEL: H59 - Diğer

JEL: H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

JEL: H60 - Genel

JEL: H61 - Budget; Budget Systems

JEL: H62 - Deficit; Surplus

JEL: H63 - Debt; Debt Management

JEL: H69 - Diğer

JEL: H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

JEL: H70 - Genel

JEL: H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

JEL: H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures

JEL: H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects

JEL: H74 - State and Local Borrowing

JEL: H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

JEL: H79 - Diğer

JEL: H8 - Miscellaneous Issues

JEL: H80 - Genel

JEL: H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits

JEL: H82 - Governmental Property

JEL: H83 - Public administration

JEL: H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

JEL: H89 - Diğer

JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare

Kategori:Health, education, and welfare economics

JEL: I0 - Genel

JEL: I00 - Genel

JEL: I1 - Health

JEL: I10 - Genel

JEL: I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets

JEL: I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior

JEL: I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public health

JEL: I19 - Diğer

JEL: I2 - Education

JEL: I20 - Genel

JEL: I21 - Analysis of Education

JEL: I22 - Educational finance

JEL: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions

JEL: I28 - Government Policy

JEL: I29 - Diğer

JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty

JEL: I30 - Genel

JEL: I31 - Genel Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness

JEL: I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

JEL: I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

JEL: I39 - Diğer

JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics

Kategori:Labor and demographic economics

Kategori:Labor

Kategori:Demographic economics

JEL: J0 - Genel

JEL: J00 - Genel

JEL: J1 - Demographic Economics

JEL: J10 - Genel

JEL: J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts

JEL: J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure

JEL: J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

JEL: J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped

JEL: J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination

JEL: J16 - Economics of gender; Non-labor Discrimination

JEL: J17 - Value of life; Foregone Income

JEL: J18 - Public Policy

JEL: J19 - Diğer

JEL: J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human capital

JEL: J20 - Genel

JEL: J21 - Labor force and Employment, Size, and Structure

JEL: J22 - Time allocation and Labor supply

JEL: J23 - Employment Determination; Job creation; Demand for labor; Self-employment

JEL: J24 - Human capital; Skills; Occupational choice; Labor productivity

JEL: J26 - Retirement; Retirement policies

JEL: J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy

JEL: J29 - Diğer

JEL: J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

JEL: J30 - Genel

JEL: J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.

JEL: J32 - Nonwage labor costs and Benefits; Private pensions

JEL: J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

JEL: J38 - Public Policy

JEL: J39 - Diğer

JEL: J4 - Particular Labor Markets

JEL: J40 - Genel

JEL: J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching models, Efficiency wage Models, and Internal labor markets

JEL: J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

JEL: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets

JEL: J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations

JEL: J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets

JEL: J48 - Public Policy

JEL: J49 - Diğer

JEL: J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

JEL: J50 - Genel

JEL: J51 - Trade unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects

JEL: J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective bargaining

JEL: J53 - Labor–management relations; Industrial Jurisprudence

JEL: J54 - Producer cooperatives; Labor managed firms

JEL: J58 - Public Policy

JEL: J59 - Diğer

JEL: J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies

JEL: J60 - Genel

JEL: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

JEL: J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational mobility

JEL: J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

JEL: J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

JEL: J65 - Unemployment insurance; Severance pay; Plant closings

JEL: J68 - Public Policy

JEL: J69 - Diğer

JEL: J7 - Labor Discrimination

JEL: J70 - Genel

JEL: J71 - Discrimination

JEL: J78 - Public Policy

JEL: J79 - Diğer

JEL: J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

JEL: J80 - Genel

JEL: J81 - Working conditions

JEL: J82 - Labor Force Composition

JEL: J83 - Workers' Rights

JEL: J88 - Public Policy

JEL: J89 - Diğer

JEL: K - Law and Economics

Kategori:Law and economics

JEL: K0 - Genel

JEL: K00 - Genel

JEL: K1 - Basic Areas of Law

JEL: K10 - Genel

JEL: K11 - Property Law

JEL: K12 - Contract Law

JEL: K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability

JEL: K14 - Criminal Law

JEL: K19 - Diğer

JEL: K2 - Regulation and Business Law

JEL: K20 - Genel

JEL: K21 - Antitrust Law

JEL: K22 - Corporation and Securities Law

JEL: K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law

JEL: K29 - Diğer

JEL: K3 - Diğer Substantive Areas of Law

JEL: K30 - Genel

JEL: K31 - Labor Law

JEL: K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

JEL: K33 - International Law

JEL: K34 - Tax Law

JEL: K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law

JEL: K39 - Diğer

JEL: K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

JEL: K40 - Genel

JEL: K41 - Litigation Process

JEL: K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

JEL: K49 - Diğer

Kategori:Industrial organization

JEL: L - Industrial Organization

JEL: L0 - Genel

JEL: L00 - Genel

JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

JEL: L10 - Genel

JEL: L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

JEL: L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

JEL: L13 - Oligopoly and Diğer Imperfect Markets

JEL: L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

JEL: L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility

JEL: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices

JEL: L19 - Diğer

JEL: L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

JEL: L20 - Genel

JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm

JEL: L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical integration; Conglomerates

JEL: L23 - Organization of Production

JEL: L24 - Contracting out; Joint ventures

JEL: L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales

JEL: L29 - Diğer

JEL: L3 - Kategori:Non-profit organizations and Kategori:Public enterprise

JEL: L30 - Genel

JEL: L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs

JEL: L32 - Public enterprises

JEL: L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out

JEL: L39 - Diğer

JEL: L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies

JEL: L40 - Genel

JEL: L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices

JEL: L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

JEL: L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation

JEL: L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations

JEL: L49 - Diğer

JEL: L5 - Regulation and Kategori:Industrial policy

JEL: L50 - Genel

JEL: L51 - Economics of Regulation

JEL: L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

JEL: L53 - Government Promotion of Firms

JEL: L59 - Diğer

JEL: L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

JEL: L60 - Genel

JEL: L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics

JEL: L62 - Automobiles; Diğer Transportation Equipment

JEL: L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment

JEL: L64 - Diğer Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments

JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology

JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco

JEL: L67 - Diğer Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather

JEL: L68 - Appliances; Diğer Consumer Durables

JEL: L69 - Diğer

JEL: L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

JEL: L70 - Genel

JEL: L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

JEL: L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Diğer Nonrenewable Resources

JEL: L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper

JEL: L74 - Construction

JEL: L78 - Government Policy

JEL: L79 - Diğer

JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services

JEL: L80 - Genel

JEL: L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce

JEL: L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)

JEL: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism

JEL: L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services

JEL: L85 - Real Estate Services

JEL: L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services

JEL: L88 - Government Policy

JEL: L89 - Diğer

JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

JEL: L90 - Genel

JEL: L91 - Transportation: Genel

JEL: L92 - Railroads and Diğer Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports

JEL: L93 - Air Transportation

JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities

JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities

JEL: L96 - Telecommunications

JEL: L97 - Utilities: Genel

JEL: L98 - Government Policy

JEL: L99 - Diğer

JEL: M - Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting

Kategori:Business economics

JEL: M0 - Genel

JEL: M00 - Genel

JEL: M1 - Business Administration

JEL: M10 - Genel

JEL: M11 - Production Management

JEL: M12 - Personnel Management

JEL: M13 - Entrepreneurship

JEL: M14 - Corporate culture; Social Responsibility

JEL: M19 - Diğer

JEL: M2 - Business Economics

JEL: M20 - Genel

JEL: M21 - Business economics

JEL: M29 - Diğer

JEL: M3 - Marketing and Advertising

JEL: M30 - Genel

JEL: M31 - Marketing

JEL: M37 - Advertising

JEL: M39 - Diğer

JEL: M4 - Accounting and Auditing

JEL: M40 - Genel

JEL: M41 - Accounting scholarship

JEL: M42 - Auditing

JEL: M49 - Diğer

JEL: M5 - Personnel economics

JEL: M50 - Genel

JEL: M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)

JEL: M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)

JEL: M53 - Training

JEL: M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)

JEL: M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Diğer

JEL: M59 - Diğer

JEL: N - Economic History

Kategori:Economic history

JEL: N0 - Genel

JEL: N00 - Genel

JEL: N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

JEL: N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations

JEL: N10 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N13 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N14 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N15 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N16 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N17 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

JEL: N20 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N23 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N24 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N25 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N26 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N27 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth

JEL: N30 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N33 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N34 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N35 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N36 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N37 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation

JEL: N40 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N43 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N44 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N45 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N46 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N47 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

JEL: N50 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N53 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N54 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N55 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N56 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N57 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N6 - Manufacturing and Construction

JEL: N60 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N63 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N64 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N65 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N66 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N67 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Diğer Services

JEL: N70 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N73 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N74 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N75 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N76 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N77 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N8 - Micro-Business History

JEL: N80 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N83 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N84 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N85 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N86 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N87 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: N9 - Regional and Urban History

JEL: N90 - Genel, International, or Comparative

JEL: N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

JEL: N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–

JEL: N93 - Europe: Pre-1913

JEL: N94 - Europe: 1913–

JEL: N95 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: N96 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: N97 - Africa; Oceania

JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

Kategori:Economic development, technological change, and growth

JEL: O1 - Economic development

JEL: O10 - Genel

JEL: O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

JEL: O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

JEL: O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Diğer Primary Products

JEL: O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

JEL: O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

JEL: O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment

JEL: O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political

JEL: O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses

JEL: O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

JEL: O2 - Development Planning and Policy

JEL: O20 - Genel

JEL: O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy

JEL: O22 - Project Analysis

JEL: O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

JEL: O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

JEL: O29 - Diğer

JEL: O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development

JEL: O30 - Genel

JEL: O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

JEL: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

JEL: O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

JEL: O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues

JEL: O38 - Government Policy

JEL: O39 - Diğer

JEL: O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

JEL: O40 - Genel

JEL: O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

JEL: O42 - Monetary Growth Models

JEL: O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity

JEL: O49 - Diğer

JEL: O5 - Economywide Country Studies

JEL: O50 - Genel

JEL: O51 - U.S.; Canada

JEL: O52 - Europe

JEL: O53 - Asia including Middle East

JEL: O54 - Latin America; Caribbean

JEL: O55 - Africa

JEL: O56 - Oceania

JEL: O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

JEL: P - Economic Systems

Kategori:Economic systems

JEL: P0 - Genel

JEL: P00 - Genel

JEL: P1 - Capitalist Systems

JEL: P10 - Genel

JEL: P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P12 - Capitalist Enterprises

JEL: P13 - Cooperative Enterprises

JEL: P14 - Property Rights

JEL: P16 - Political Economy

JEL: P17 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P19 - Diğer

JEL: P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

JEL: P20 - Genel

JEL: P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P22 - Prices

JEL: P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

JEL: P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

JEL: P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation

JEL: P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights

JEL: P27 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment

JEL: P29 - Diğer

JEL: P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

JEL: P30 - Genel

JEL: P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions

JEL: P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture

JEL: P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

JEL: P34 - Financial Economics

JEL: P35 - Public Economics

JEL: P36 - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty

JEL: P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior

JEL: P39 - Diğer

JEL: P4 - Diğer Economic Systems

JEL: P40 - Genel

JEL: P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

JEL: P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population

JEL: P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics

JEL: P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

JEL: P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

JEL: P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty

JEL: P47 - Performance and Prospects

JEL: P48 - Political Economy •Legal Institutions; Property Rights

JEL: P49 - Diğer

JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems

JEL: P50 - Genel

JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems

JEL: P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies

JEL: P59 - Diğer

JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

Kategori:Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics Kategori:Resource economics

JEL: Q0 - Genel

JEL: Q00 - Genel

JEL: Q01 - Sustainable development

JEL: Q1 - Agriculture

JEL: Q10 - Genel

JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices

JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

JEL: Q13 - Agricultural markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

JEL: Q14 - Agricultural finance

JEL: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land reform; Land use; Irrigation

JEL: Q16 - R&D; Agricultural technology; Agricultural Extension Services

JEL: Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade

JEL: Q18 - Agricultural policy; Food policy

JEL: Q19 - Diğer

JEL: Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

JEL: Q20 - Genel

JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply

JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture

JEL: Q23 - Forestry

JEL: Q24 - Land

JEL: Q25 - Water

JEL: Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources

JEL: Q28 - Government Policy

JEL: Q29 - Diğer

JEL: Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

JEL: Q30 - Genel

JEL: Q31 - Demand and Supply

JEL: Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

JEL: Q34 - Doğal kaynaklar ve yurtiçiNatural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

JEL: Q33 - Doğal kaynak patlamasıResource Booms

JEL: Q38 - Kamu politikaları

JEL: Q39 - Diğer

JEL: Q4 - Enerji Ekonomisi

JEL: Q40 - Genel

JEL: Q41 - Enerji Talebi ve Enerji Arzı

JEL: Q42 - Alternatif enerji kaynakları

JEL: Q43 - Enerji ve Makroekonomi

JEL: Q48 - Kamu Politikaları

JEL: Q49 - Diğer

JEL: Q5 - Çevresel Ekonomi

JEL: Q50 - Genel

JEL: Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects

JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste • Recycling

JEL: Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters

JEL: Q55 - Technological Innovation

JEL: Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental accounting

JEL: Q57 - Ecological economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics

JEL: Q58 - Government Policy

JEL: Q59 - Diğer

JEL: R - Kent Ekonomisi, Kırsal Ekonomi ve Bölgesel Ekonomi

Kategori:Kentsel, Kırsal ve bölgesel ekonomi

JEL: R0 - Genel

JEL: R00 - Genel

JEL: R1 - Genel Bölgesel ekonomi

JEL: R10 - Genel

JEL: R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes

JEL: R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade

JEL: R13 - Genel Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

JEL: R14 - Land Use Patterns

JEL: R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Diğer Models

JEL: R19 - Diğer

JEL: R2 - Hanehalı analizler

JEL: R20 - Genel

JEL: R21 - Hanehalkı talebiHousing Demand

JEL: R22 - Diğer Talep

JEL: R23 - Bölgesel göç, bölgesel iş gücü piyasaları, nüfus

JEL: R29 - Diğer

JEL: R3 - Üretim analizleri ve Firma yeri

JEL: R30 - Genel

JEL: R31 - Housing Supply and Markets

JEL: R32 - Diğer üretim ve fiyatlama analizleri

JEL: R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets

JEL: R34 - Input Demand Analysis

JEL: R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies

JEL: R39 - Diğer

JEL: R4 - Ulaştırma Ekonomisi

JEL: R40 - Genel

JEL: R41 - Ulaştırma: Talep, arz, yığılma, güvenlik ve kazalar

JEL: R42 - Kamu ve özel yatırım analizleri

JEL: R48 - Kamu fiyatlaması, düzenleme politikaları

JEL: R49 - Diğer

JEL: R5 - Bölgesel yönetim analizi

JEL: R50 - Genel

JEL: R51 - Kentsel ve kırsal ekonomilerde finans

JEL: R52 - Arazi kullanımı ve diğer düzenlemeler

JEL: R53 - Kamu hizmet yeri analizi, Kamu yatırım ve sermaye stoku

JEL: R58 - Bölgesel gelişim yasaları

JEL: R59 - Diğer

JEL: Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts

JEL: Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts

JEL: Y2 - Introductory Material

JEL: Y20 - Introductory Material

JEL: Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

JEL: Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

JEL: Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)

JEL: Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)

JEL: Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)

JEL: Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)

JEL: Y6 - Excerpts

JEL: Y60 - Excerpts

JEL: Y8 - JEL: Related Disciplines

JEL: Y80 - Related Disciplines

JEL: Y9 - Diğer

JEL: Y90 - Diğer

JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar

JEL: Z0 - Genel

JEL: Z00 - Genel

JEL: Z1 - Kültürel ekonomi; Ekonomik sosyoloji; Ekonomik antropoloji

JEL: Z10 - Genel

JEL: Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature

JEL: Z12 - Bölgesel

JEL: Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

JEL: Z19 - Diğer

• [1] 3 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.