Etüdler (Chopin)

Etüdler (Études), Frédéric Chopin tarafından piyano için 3 set halinde bestelenen solo çalışmalardır. Toplamda 27 tane olan bestelerin onikişerli iki grubu Opus numarası 10 ve 25 ile sınıflandırılmış, üç tanesi ise opus numarası almamıştır.

Etüdlerin listesi

Études Op. 10

Etüdlerin ilk seti 1833'te yayınlandı (bazıları 1829 yılında yazılmıştı). Chopin o zaman 23 yaşında olmasına rağmen çoktan Paris salonlarında tanınan ünlü bir besteci idi. Paris'te Franz Liszt ile tanışan Chopin eserlerini o'na adamıştır. - "Fransızca: à mon ami Franz Liszt" (arkadaşıma, Franz Liszt).^[1]

İsim	Anahtar	İsim	Anahtar
Étude Op. 10, No. 1	C major	Étude Op. 10, No. 7	C major
Étude Op. 10, No. 2	A minor	Étude Op. 10, No. 8	F major
Étude Op. 10, No. 3	E major	Étude Op. 10, No. 9	F minor
Étude Op. 10, No. 4	C-sharp minor	Étude Op. 10, No. 10	A-flat major
Étude Op. 10, No. 5	G-flat major	Étude Op. 10, No. 11	E-flat major
Étude Op. 10, No. 6	E-flat minor	Étude Op. 10, No. 12	C minor

Études Op. 25

Chopin'in ikinci etüd seti 1837'de yayınlandı.

İsim	Anahtar	İsim	Anahtar
Étude Op. 25, No. 1	A-flat major	Étude Op. 25, No. 7	C-sharp minor
Étude Op. 25, No. 2	F minor	Étude Op. 25, No. 8	D-flat major
Étude Op. 25, No. 3	F major	Étude Op. 25, No. 9	G-flat major
Étude Op. 25, No. 4	A minor	Étude Op. 25, No. 10	B minor
Étude Op. 25, No. 5	E minor	Étude Op. 25, No. 11	A minor
Étude Op. 25, No. 6	G-sharp minor	Étude Op. 25, No. 12	C minor

Fransızca: Trois nouvelles études

Trois nouvelles études, Ignaz Moscheles ve François-Joseph Fétis tarafında yazılan bir piyano öğretim kitabı olan Fransızca: Méthode des méthodes de piano için katkı amacıyla yazılmış ve opus numarası verilmemiştir.

İsim	Anahtar
Étude No. 1	F minor
Étude No. 2	A-flat major
Étude No. 3	D-flat major

Çalışmalar

Tüm Etüdler için

Casella, Alfredo. F. Chopin. Studi per pianoforte. Milano: Edizioni Curci, 1946.
Cortot, Alfred. Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.10. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
Cortot, Alfred. Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.25. Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
Galston, Gottfried. Studienbuch [Study Book]. III. Abend [3rd Recital] (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.

Bazı Etüdler için

Busoni, Ferruccio. Klavierübung in zehn Büchern [Piano Tutorial in Ten Books], zweite umgestaltete und bereicherte Ausgabe. Buch 8 (Variationen und Varianten nach Chopin). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1925.
Godowsky, Leopold. Studien über die Etüden von Chopin (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
Joseffy, Rafael. Etudes for the Piano. Instructive Edition. New York: G. Schirmer, 1901.

Yorumlamalar

Godowsky, Leopold. Studien über die Etüden von Chopin (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
Wührer, Friedrich. Achtzehn Studien zu Frédéric Chopins Etuden [sic] [18 Studies on Chopin's Etudes]. In Motu Contrario [In Contrary Motion]. Heidelberg: Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1958.

Kaynakça

^ ourchopin.com 23 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., İngilizce, Erişim tarihi: 26.06.2014

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

Bülow, Hans von. "Remarks on the Separate Studies." In Auserlesene Klavier-Etüden von Fr. Chopin. München: Jos. Aibl, 1880.
Collet, Robert. "Studies, Preludes and Impromptus." In Frédéric Chopin: Profiles of the Man and the Musician. Ed. Alan Walker. London: Barrie & Rockliff, 1966.
Czerny, Carl. School of Practical Composition London: R. Cocks & Co., [1848]; Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.
Deschaussées, Monique. Frédéric Chopin: 24 études - vers une interprétation. Fondettes: Van de Velde, 1995.
Eigeldinger, Jean-Jacques. Chopin: Pianist and Teacher as Seen by his Pupils. Cambridge University Press, 1986
Ekier, Jan, ed. (National Edition)."About the Etudes." "Performance Commentary." "Source Commentary." Chopin Etudes. Warsaw: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1999.
Finlow, Simon. "The Twenty-seven Études and Their Antecedents." In Jim Samson (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Chopin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Galston, Gottfried. Studienbuch. III. Abend (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.
Huneker, James. "The Studies—Titanic Experiments." In Chopin: The Man and His Music. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1900.
Klein, Andreas. The Chopin "Etudes": An Indispensable Pedagogical Tool for Developing Piano Technique. DMA diss., Rice University, 1989.
Kogosowski, Alan. "Mastering the Chopin Études." A compendium to Chopin: Genius of the Piano. E-Book, 2010.
Leichtentritt, Hugo. "Die Etüden." In Analyse der Chopin’schen Klavierwerke [Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works]. Band II. Berlin: Max Hesses Verlag, 1922.
Lear, Angela Chopin’s Grande Etudes. February 5, 2007.
Leontsky, Jan: Interpreting Chopin. Etudes op.10 & op.25. Analysis, comments and interpretive choices. Tarnhelm editions.
Niecks, Frederick. Chopin as a Man and Musician. London: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1888.
Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, Ludwik Bronarski, Józef Turczynsky, ed. ("Paderewski" Edition). "The Character of the Present Edition." "Commentary." Chopin Studies (Etudes). Warsaw: Instytut Fryderyka Chopina, 1949.
Samson, Jim. "Baroque reflections." In The Music of Chopin. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.
Schumann, Robert. "Die Pianoforte-Etuden, ihren Zwecken nach geordnet" ["The Pianoforte Études, Categorized According to their Purposes"]. Neue Zeitschrift für Musik No. 11, February 6, 1836, p. 45.
Zimmermann, Ewald, ed. (Henle Edition). "Kritischer Bericht" (Critical Report). Chopin Etudes. München: G. Henle Verlag, 1983.