İçeriğe atla

Büyük kütleli yıldızlar listesi

Eta Carinae, Bayer ismini taşıyan en büyük yıldız
R136

Güneş kütlesine (M☉) göre keşfedilen en büyük yıldızların listesidir.

Belirsizlikler ve uyarılar

Aşağıda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu tartışmaya açıktır ve mevcut araştırmanın konusu olarak inceleme altındadır. Bu yıldızlar kütlelerinin ve diğer özelliklerinin sürekli olarak gözden geçirilmesine tabidir. Aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu, yıldızların sıcaklık ve mutlak parlaklıklarının ölçümleri kullanılarak teorik olarak belirlenmektedir. Hem teori, hem de ölçümler mevcut bilgi ve teknolojinin sınırlarını zorlamaktadır bu nedenle her ikisi de yanlış olabilir. Örneğin, VV Cephei yıldızı hangi özelliğinin incelendiğine bağlı olarak 25–40 M☉ veya 100 M☉ arasında olabilir.

Güvenilir nadir tahminler

Tutulması olan ikili yıldızlar, kütleleri bir miktar güvenle tahmin edilen tek yıldızlardır. Ancak, aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen hemen hemen tüm kütlelerin dolaylı yöntemlerle çıkarıldığını unutmayın; tablodaki kütlelerin sadece birkaçı tutulma sistemleri kullanılarak belirlendi.

Yıldız evriminin önemi

Bazı yıldızlar bir zamanlar bugün olduğundan daha ağır olabilir. Birçoğunun, yüksek hızlı rüzgarların sıcak fotosfer tarafından uzaya yönlendirildiği süper rüzgar süreci tarafından belki de onlarca güneş kütlesi kadar önemli kütle kaybına maruz kalması muhtemeldir.

80M☉'den büyük yıldızlar
Yıldız adı Kütle
(Güneş= 1) 		Dünya'ya uzaklık (Işık yılı) Kütleyi hesaplamak için kullanılan model Kaynaklar
R136a1315 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
R136c230 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
BAT99-98226 165.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [2]
R136a2195 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Melnick 42189 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [3]
R136a3180 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
HD 15558>152 ± 51 24.400 İkili [4][5]
VFTS 682150 164.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [6]
R136a6150 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Melnick 34 A 147 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [7]
LH 10-3209 A 140 160.000[8][9]
Melnick 34 B 136 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [7]
NGC 3603-B132 ± 13 24.700 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [10]
HD 269810130 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [11]
P871130 ? [9]
WR 42e130 ± 5 25.000 Üçlü sistemde fırlama [12]
R136a4124 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Arches-F9 121 ± 10 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
NGC 3603-A1a120 24.700 Tutulmalı ikili [10]
LSS 4067120 9.500-12.700 Evrimsel model [14]
NGC 3603-C 113 ± 10 22.500 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [10]
Cygnus OB2-12110 5.220 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [15]
WR 25110 10.500 İkili?
style="background: Şablon:Star-color;" |HD 93129 A  110 7.500 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli
WR21a A103.6 26.100 İkili [16]
BAT99-33 (R99)103 16.400 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [2]
Arches-F1 110 ± 9 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
Arches-F6 106 ± 5 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
R136a5101 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
η Carinae A 100 7.500 Parlaklık / İkili [17] Bayer ismine sahip en büyük yıldız
Peony Star (WR 102ka) 100 26.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [18]
Cygnus OB2 #516100 4.700 Parlaklık?
Sk -68°13799 ? [9]
R136a896 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Arches-F7 96 ± 6 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
HST-4295 ? [9]
P131194 ? [9]
Sk -66°17294 ? [9]
R136b93 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
NGC 3603-A1b92 24.800 [10]
HST-A391 ? [9]
HD 38282 B >90 Parlaklık [19]
Cygnus OB2 #77190 4.700 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli?
HSH95 3187 Evrimsel model[1]
HD 9325086.83 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [20]
Arches-F15 88.5 ± 8.5 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
LH 10-306185 160.000[8][9]
BI 25384
WR20a A82.7 ± 5.5 Tutulmalı ikili [21]
MACHO 05:34-69:3182 ? [9]
WR20a B81.9 ± 5.5 Tutulmalı ikili [21]
NGC 346-381 ? [9]
HD 38282 A >80 Parlaklık [19]
Sk -71 5180 Parlaklık [22]
Cygnus OB2-8B 80 Parlaklık?
WR 14880 ? [23]
HD 9795080 ?

80 Güneş kütlesinden küçük yıldızlara örnekler:

Var 83 in M33
25–79 Güneş kütlesindeki bazı yıldızlar
Yıldız adı Kütle
(Güneş= 1) 		Metod Kaynaklar
R139 A 78 [24]
V429 Carinae A 78
WR 2278
Pismis 24-1778 [25]
Cygnus OB2-11 73+32
-24		[26]
Arches-F12 70–82
R12670
M33 X-770 [27]
BD+43 365470
HD 9320569 [9]
R136a769 Evrimsel model[1]
HD 93403 A 68.5
Arches-F18 67–82
Arches-F4 66–76
Arches-F28 66–76
HD 5980 B 66
HD 5980 A 61
60–85
S Monocerotis59
WR 21a B58.3 [16]
WR 102ea58 [28]
CD Crucis A 57 [29]
HD 1669156.6 [30]
ζ Puppis (Naos)56.1 [30]
Arches-F21 56–70
Plaskett's Star B 56
Arches-F10 55–69
9 Sagittarii A 55
AG Carinae55
BAT99-119 (R145)53+20
-40 + 54+20
-40		İkili [31][a]
Arches-F14 54–65
BD+40° 421054
Plaskett's Star A 54
Arches-F3 52–63
HD 93129 B52 [32]
Cygnus OB2-4 52
Arches-B1 50–60
CD Crucis B 48 [29]
Arches-F20 47–57
LH54-425A=47 ± 2, B=28 ± 1 İkili[33][33]
Arches-F16 46–56
WR 102c45–55 [18]
HD 15558 B 45 ± 11 [4][5]
S Doradus45
HD 5006445
WR 14145 [23]
IRS-8*44.5 [34]
Cygnus OB2-8A A 44.1
Cygnus OB2-1 44
Cygnus OB2-10 43.1±14 [26]
Arches-F8 43–51
α Camelopardalis43
Pismis 24-243
χ2 Orionis42.3
Cygnus OB2-8C 42.2±14 [26]
Arches-F2 42–49
Cygnus OB2-6 42
HD 10842
Sher 25 in NGC 3603 40–52
θ1 Orionis C40
μ Normae40
ρ Cassiopeiae40 [35]
Cygnus OB2-7  39,7+17
-10		[26]
Pismis 24-1638
Pismis 24–2538
Cygnus OB2-8A B 37.4
HD 93403 B 37.3
ζ1 Scorpii36
Pismis 24-1335
IC 10 X-1[36]35
Cygnus OB2-9 A >34
Cygnus OB2-18 33
ζ Orionis (Alnitak)33
Arches-F5 31–36
Cygnus OB2-5 A 31
Cygnus OB2-9 B >30
η Carinae B 30–80 Parlaklık/İkili [37]
ε Orionis (Alnilam)30–64.5[38]
19 Cephei30–35
γ Velorum A (Regor A)30
P Cygni30
HD 17982130 [39]
VY Canis Majoris30 (17–40) [40][41]
VFTS 352A=28.63 ± 0.3. B=28.85 ± 0.3 [42]
The Pistol Star (V4647 Sgr) 27.5
HR 5171 Aa 27-36 [43]
10 Lacertae26.9
ξ Persei (Menkib) 26–36
6 Cassiopeiae25 [44]
Pismis 24-325
NGC 7538 S 25 [45]
VFTS 10225
WOH G6425 [46]

Notlar

  1. ^ The masses were revised with better data, but refinements are still needed.

Kaynakça

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