Büyük kütleli yıldızlar listesi
Güneş kütlesine (M☉) göre keşfedilen en büyük yıldızların listesidir.
Belirsizlikler ve uyarılar
Aşağıda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu tartışmaya açıktır ve mevcut araştırmanın konusu olarak inceleme altındadır. Bu yıldızlar kütlelerinin ve diğer özelliklerinin sürekli olarak gözden geçirilmesine tabidir. Aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu, yıldızların sıcaklık ve mutlak parlaklıklarının ölçümleri kullanılarak teorik olarak belirlenmektedir. Hem teori, hem de ölçümler mevcut bilgi ve teknolojinin sınırlarını zorlamaktadır bu nedenle her ikisi de yanlış olabilir. Örneğin, VV Cephei yıldızı hangi özelliğinin incelendiğine bağlı olarak 25–40 M☉ veya 100 M☉ arasında olabilir.
Güvenilir nadir tahminler
Tutulması olan ikili yıldızlar, kütleleri bir miktar güvenle tahmin edilen tek yıldızlardır. Ancak, aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen hemen hemen tüm kütlelerin dolaylı yöntemlerle çıkarıldığını unutmayın; tablodaki kütlelerin sadece birkaçı tutulma sistemleri kullanılarak belirlendi.
Yıldız evriminin önemi
Bazı yıldızlar bir zamanlar bugün olduğundan daha ağır olabilir. Birçoğunun, yüksek hızlı rüzgarların sıcak fotosfer tarafından uzaya yönlendirildiği süper rüzgar süreci tarafından belki de onlarca güneş kütlesi kadar önemli kütle kaybına maruz kalması muhtemeldir.
Yıldız adı | Kütle (Güneş= 1) | Dünya'ya uzaklık (Işık yılı) | Kütleyi hesaplamak için kullanılan model | Kaynaklar |
---|---|---|---|---|
R136a1 | 315 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
R136c | 230 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
BAT99-98 | 226 | 165.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [2] |
R136a2 | 195 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
Melnick 42 | 189 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [3] |
R136a3 | 180 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
HD 15558 | >152 ± 51 | 24.400 | İkili | [4][5] |
VFTS 682 | 150 | 164.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [6] |
R136a6 | 150 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
Melnick 34 A | 147 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [7] |
LH 10-3209 A | 140 | 160.000[8] | [9] | |
Melnick 34 B | 136 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [7] |
NGC 3603-B | 132 ± 13 | 24.700 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [10] |
HD 269810 | 130 | 163.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [11] |
P871 | 130 | ? | [9] | |
WR 42e | 130 ± 5 | 25.000 | Üçlü sistemde fırlama | [12] |
R136a4 | 124 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
Arches-F9 | 121 ± 10 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [13] |
NGC 3603-A1a | 120 | 24.700 | Tutulmalı ikili | [10] |
LSS 4067 | 120 | 9.500-12.700 | Evrimsel model | [14] |
NGC 3603-C | 113 ± 10 | 22.500 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [10] |
Cygnus OB2-12 | 110 | 5.220 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [15] |
WR 25 | 110 | 10.500 | İkili? | |
style="background: Şablon:Star-color;" |HD 93129 A | 110 | 7.500 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | |
WR21a A | 103.6 | 26.100 | İkili | [16] |
BAT99-33 (R99) | 103 | 16.400 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [2] |
Arches-F1 | 110 ± 9 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [13] |
Arches-F6 | 106 ± 5 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [13] |
R136a5 | 101 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
η Carinae A | 100 | 7.500 | Parlaklık / İkili | [17] Bayer ismine sahip en büyük yıldız |
Peony Star (WR 102ka) | 100 | 26.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [18] |
Cygnus OB2 #516 | 100 | 4.700 | Parlaklık? | |
Sk -68°137 | 99 | ? | [9] | |
R136a8 | 96 | 157.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
Arches-F7 | 96 ± 6 | 25.000 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [13] |
HST-42 | 95 | ? | [9] | |
P1311 | 94 | ? | [9] | |
Sk -66°172 | 94 | ? | [9] | |
R136b | 93 | 163.000 | Evrimsel model | [1] |
NGC 3603-A1b | 92 | 24.800 | [10] | |
HST-A3 | 91 | ? | [9] | |
HD 38282 B | >90 | Parlaklık | [19] | |
Cygnus OB2 #771 | 90 | 4.700 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli? | |
HSH95 31 | 87 | Evrimsel model[1] | ||
HD 93250 | 86.83 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [20] | |
Arches-F15 | 88.5 ± 8.5 | Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli | [13] | |
LH 10-3061 | 85 | 160.000[8] | [9] | |
BI 253 | 84 | |||
WR20a A | 82.7 ± 5.5 | Tutulmalı ikili | [21] | |
MACHO 05:34-69:31 | 82 | ? | [9] | |
WR20a B | 81.9 ± 5.5 | Tutulmalı ikili | [21] | |
NGC 346-3 | 81 | ? | [9] | |
HD 38282 A | >80 | Parlaklık | [19] | |
Sk -71 51 | 80 | Parlaklık | [22] | |
Cygnus OB2-8B | 80 | Parlaklık? | ||
WR 148 | 80 | ? | [23] | |
HD 97950 | 80 | ? |
80 Güneş kütlesinden küçük yıldızlara örnekler:
Var 83 in M33Yıldız adı | Kütle (Güneş= 1) | Metod | Kaynaklar |
---|---|---|---|
R139 A | 78 | [24] | |
V429 Carinae A | 78 | ||
WR 22 | 78 | ||
Pismis 24-17 | 78 | [25] | |
Cygnus OB2-11 | 73+32 -24 | [26] | |
Arches-F12 | 70–82 | ||
R126 | 70 | ||
M33 X-7 | 70 | [27] | |
BD+43 3654 | 70 | ||
HD 93205 | 69 | [9] | |
R136a7 | 69 | Evrimsel model[1] | |
HD 93403 A | 68.5 | ||
Arches-F18 | 67–82 | ||
Arches-F4 | 66–76 | ||
Arches-F28 | 66–76 | ||
HD 5980 B | 66 | ||
HD 5980 A | 61 | ||
60–85 | |||
S Monocerotis | 59 | ||
WR 21a B | 58.3 | [16] | |
WR 102ea | 58 | [28] | |
CD Crucis A | 57 | [29] | |
HD 16691 | 56.6 | [30] | |
ζ Puppis (Naos) | 56.1 | [30] | |
Arches-F21 | 56–70 | ||
Plaskett's Star B | 56 | ||
Arches-F10 | 55–69 | ||
9 Sagittarii A | 55 | ||
AG Carinae | 55 | ||
BAT99-119 (R145) | 53+20 -40 + 54+20 -40 | İkili | [31][a] |
Arches-F14 | 54–65 | ||
BD+40° 4210 | 54 | ||
Plaskett's Star A | 54 | ||
Arches-F3 | 52–63 | ||
HD 93129 B | 52 | [32] | |
Cygnus OB2-4 | 52 | ||
Arches-B1 | 50–60 | ||
CD Crucis B | 48 | [29] | |
Arches-F20 | 47–57 | ||
LH54-425 | A=47 ± 2, B=28 ± 1 | İkili[33] | [33] |
Arches-F16 | 46–56 | ||
WR 102c | 45–55 | [18] | |
HD 15558 B | 45 ± 11 | [4][5] | |
S Doradus | 45 | ||
HD 50064 | 45 | ||
WR 141 | 45 | [23] | |
IRS-8* | 44.5 | [34] | |
Cygnus OB2-8A A | 44.1 | ||
Cygnus OB2-1 | 44 | ||
Cygnus OB2-10 | 43.1±14 | [26] | |
Arches-F8 | 43–51 | ||
α Camelopardalis | 43 | ||
Pismis 24-2 | 43 | ||
χ2 Orionis | 42.3 | ||
Cygnus OB2-8C | 42.2±14 | [26] | |
Arches-F2 | 42–49 | ||
Cygnus OB2-6 | 42 | ||
HD 108 | 42 | ||
Sher 25 in NGC 3603 | 40–52 | ||
θ1 Orionis C | 40 | ||
μ Normae | 40 | ||
ρ Cassiopeiae | 40 | [35] | |
Cygnus OB2-7 | 39,7+17 -10 | [26] | |
Pismis 24-16 | 38 | ||
Pismis 24–25 | 38 | ||
Cygnus OB2-8A B | 37.4 | ||
HD 93403 B | 37.3 | ||
ζ1 Scorpii | 36 | ||
Pismis 24-13 | 35 | ||
IC 10 X-1[36] | 35 | ||
Cygnus OB2-9 A | >34 | ||
Cygnus OB2-18 | 33 | ||
ζ Orionis (Alnitak) | 33 | ||
Arches-F5 | 31–36 | ||
Cygnus OB2-5 A | 31 | ||
Cygnus OB2-9 B | >30 | ||
η Carinae B | 30–80 | Parlaklık/İkili | [37] |
ε Orionis (Alnilam) | 30–64.5[38] | ||
19 Cephei | 30–35 | ||
γ Velorum A (Regor A) | 30 | ||
P Cygni | 30 | ||
HD 179821 | 30 | [39] | |
VY Canis Majoris | 30 (17–40) | [40][41] | |
VFTS 352 | A=28.63 ± 0.3. B=28.85 ± 0.3 | [42] | |
The Pistol Star (V4647 Sgr) | 27.5 | ||
HR 5171 Aa | 27-36 | [43] | |
10 Lacertae | 26.9 | ||
ξ Persei (Menkib) | 26–36 | ||
6 Cassiopeiae | 25 | [44] | |
Pismis 24-3 | 25 | ||
NGC 7538 S | 25 | [45] | |
VFTS 102 | 25 | ||
WOH G64 | 25 | [46] |
Notlar
- ^ The masses were revised with better data, but refinements are still needed.
Kaynakça
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